Is President Obama a Muslim?—Redux

The question about Barack Obama’s religious identity has been asked and answered before, but not to a lot of people’s satisfaction.
By Rev. Rob Schenck, Missionary to Capitol Hill, Washington, DC
“I am a Christian, and I am a devout Christian. I believe in the redemptive death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I believe that that faith gives me a path to be cleansed of sin and have eternal life. But most importantly, I believe in the example that Jesus set by feeding the hungry and healing the sick and always prioritizing the least of these over the powerful. I didn’t ‘fall out in church’ as they say, but there was a very strong awakening in me of the importance of these issues in my life. I didn’t want to walk alone on this journey. Accepting Jesus Christ in my life has been a powerful guide for my conduct and my values and my ideals.” – Barack Obama
From Q&A: Barack Obama, Christianity Today Online, January 23, 2008
A recent survey by the renowned Pew Research Center published last week re-ignited the public conversation about Barack Obama and his religious beliefs. That report, from as close to a neutral source as I can think of, indicated, “A substantial and growing number of Americans say that Barack Obama is a Muslim.” The controversy over a planned Islamic center and mosque near the Ground Zero site in New York has added considerable interest to the question of Mr. Obama’s religious sensibilities and sensitivities.
As I travel the country speaking in churches, conferences and conventions, I am frequently asked this question. While it’s not really possible for me to answer (because only Mr. Obama truly knows what he believes), I do venture my best opinion based on what I know of him publicly and privately. I’ll reiterate that opinion after I give you some background on how I arrive at it.
First, I took a great interest in Barack Obama’s religious beliefs, opinions and attitudes before he even indicated his interest in running for president. I knew him as a US Senator and had explored his background during his US Senate race. In the interest of full disclosure, I backed Alan Keyes in that contest, so I viewed Obama as I would any challenger to a favored candidate. Still, I found his personal story interesting, complicated and even intriguing.
The Muslim part of Mr. Obama’s background was what first grabbed my attention, because even before his senate race, I had already actively engaged Muslims on a religious and cultural level. Just four months after the September 11 attacks, I had hosted a C-SPAN televised panel on Christian Muslim Relations. Three years before Mr. Obama announced his presidential candidacy, I was a delegate to a formal dialogue with Muslim leaders in the North African nation of Morocco. I also hosted a series of reciprocal visits from Moroccan Muslim leaders to the United States. I have traveled to several Islamic countries and I maintain a close friendship with a high-level diplomat from an Islamic Kingdom. Through my work on the board of the Institute on Religion and Public Policy (IRPP), I have met the ambassadors and other diplomats of nearly all the Islamic countries represented in Washington. (On a side note, my identical twin brother, the Reverend Paul Schenck, personally knows the primary organizer of the so-called “Ground Zero Mosque,” Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, and we have talked frequently about the Islamic cleric.) Finally, on a very personal note, I have a Muslim married into my own immediate family. All this is to say that Islam, in its varied forms, is of far more than academic interest to me.
Back to Mr. Obama: Not only was—and is—his Muslim history of interest to me, but his Christian history is even more so. As soon as his presidential candidacy was rumored in the media, I sent a paid research assistant to Chicago to explore Mr. Obama’s then church of membership, The Trinity United Church of Christ, and its pastor at the time, the Reverend Dr. Jeremiah Wright. I would later talk personally with Dr. Wright when he addressed the National Press Club in Washington. While my researcher was doing her work, I read both of Mr. Obama’s books, Dreams of My Father and The Audacity of Hope (the title of which was borrowed from a sermon by Dr. Wright.) What I discovered through all of this was fascinating and helped me to form what I believe is a well-considered opinion on Mr. Obama’s religious identity.
A final note before I tell you what I think. As most of my readers know, I am an Evangelical Christian by personal faith, by training and by my professional credentials as a member of the clergy. I hold degrees in Bible, theology and Christian ministry and I’m currently in a doctoral program in strategic church leadership. I sit on the board of the Evangelical Church Alliance International and serve as chairman of its Committee on Church and Society. All this will factor, too, into my assessment.
Here is my opinion in brief: Mr. Obama is not a Muslim, but he is also not a “devout Christian.”
I’ll explain my assertions more completely.
I don’t think Mr. Obama is a Muslim because a Muslim could never—and would never—make public statements that he is a Christian. Saying so would violate not only cultural practice and / or personal religious compunction, it is forbidden by Islamic tenets of faith and by religious law. For a Muslim to proclaim himself a Christian for political or any other reasons, would not only alienate him from virtually all fellow Muslims, but would likely garner him a death warrant from the tiny minority of violent extremists in the Muslim world. A Muslim of any kind—including the odd notion of a “secret Muslim” –would certainly not speak to the media of accepting “Jesus Christ as my Lord and Savior,” as Mr. Obama has done.
There are other good reasons for determining that Mr. Obama is not a Muslim: Neither his mother, who was the dominant biological parent to him, nor her parents, who were his surrogate parents, were ever Muslim. In fact, for the most part, they were completely non-religious and perhaps even anti-religious. (His mother, though baptized as an infant in a Christian church, rejected organized religion as an adult and adhered to an idiosyncratic “New-Age-like” spirituality.) The young Obama’s biological father was, for most of his life, a non-practicing Muslim, and his short-term stepfather was mostly a nominal Muslim whose revolutionary political motivations appear to have been far greater than any religious impulses he may have had.
From everything I can determine, Barack Obama’s young life was shaped inside a mélange of religious beliefs, practices, cultures and opinions, most of them superficial and skeptical. As he matured, he seems to have developed a disinterested “universalism” that allowed for an impersonal God or spiritual force of some kind, but one that didn’t command much need for attention, at least from him. Then, when he entered politics, he discovered the Black Church and its importance in social organization. He was witnessed to by Black preachers, lectured a few times by them and finally adjured by them to join a church if he was going to get anything done in Chicago. This led him to the Trinity United Church of Christ and to his eventual tempestuous relationship to Dr. Wright. In a speech given in Hartford, Connecticut in 2007, Mr. Obama spoke about hearing the pastor preach,
“[H]e introduced me to someone named Jesus Christ. I learned that my sins could be redeemed. I learned that those things I was too weak to accomplish myself, He would accomplish with me if I placed my trust in Him. And in time, I came to see faith as more than just a comfort to the weary or a hedge against death, but rather as an active, palpable agent in the world and in my own life. It was because of these newfound understandings that I was finally able to walk down the aisle of Trinity one day and affirm my Christian faith. It came about as a choice, and not an epiphany. I didn’t fall out in church, as folks sometimes do. The questions I had didn’t magically disappear. The skeptical bent of my mind didn’t suddenly vanish. But kneeling beneath that cross on the South Side, I felt I heard God’s spirit beckoning me. I submitted myself to His will, and dedicated myself to discovering His truth and carrying out His works.”
These are not the words of a Muslim—even a duplicitous one. Neither, though, are they necessarily the words of a born-again, Bible-believer—nor even of a convinced and well-initiated convert to another Orthodox expression of Christianity. What this “testimony” is to me is a sincere conveyance of a “spiritual” or perhaps more “emotional” awakening to religious sensibilities, but, very importantly, within a definite “liberal” Christian context. The United Church of Christ is a classically liberal denomination that eschews the idea that the Bible, or indeed any doctrinal or dogmatic authority, is final or absolute in any way. Religious beliefs are never rigid, but are instead fungible; they may be freely questioned, rejected, modified, exchanged or replaced at any time. Of course, no religious group is absolutely without their absolutes, and that’s certainly true of the pastor under whom Barack Obama made his decision to become a Christian and to join a church. Dr. Wright confided in me one of his own apparent absolutes. In doing so, he also indicated Barack Obama had broken this rule, leading to at least the pastor’s exasperation with the President, if not a measure of disdain for him. (Our conversation, which took place in a very public setting, still had a sort of implied confidentiality, so I’ll keep the details to myself!)
All this is to say that while the President continues to self-identify as a Christian, he does so in the loosest way. He retains an air of skepticism about religion; he holds a universalist philosophy (there are many roads to God and to salvation); his church attendance is sporadic (though on Easter Sunday this year he did kneel with his family at the altar of a Bible-preaching church to receive Holy Communion—something a Muslim would never, ever do!); and he still appears ill-at-ease in religious settings, as I witnessed at this year’s National Prayer Breakfast.
What is Barack Obama religiously? The answer is a bit difficult to nail down because, I believe, the President wants it to be somewhat ambiguous. He does have a Muslim history and Muslim family members; he does have a Muslim name and he wants to build strong relationships with the Muslim world. He does not believe that Christianity is the only way to God and to salvation, and he is by nature a religious skeptic. He does not believe America is a “Christian nation,” but instead a religiously neutral country open to all religions and that disfavors none. In a sense, he is keeping all his options open.
Barring a miracle (and I certainly believe in miracles), don’t expect Barack Obama to stand up to the microphone and say, “Jesus Christ is my personal Lord and Savior and is the only way to heaven. I urge every American to repent of your sins, surrender your life to Jesus and put your trust only in Him.” That would not describe the President’s concept of Christianity.
Barring an even more bizarre turn of events, don’t expect him to stand up and declare “Allah akbar” either. Mr. Obama’s embrace of homosexuality as a morally legitimate lifestyle is enough to preclude that, and his advocacy of full and equal rights for women would be a huge problem in most of the Islamic world, to say nothing of the abortion question, which would also be problematic. Islam, and its absolutes, including many moral tenets it shares with much of Christianity and Judaism, are huge problems for the liberal ex-United Church of Christ member.
I don’t believe Mr. Obama is a Muslim, but I don’t think he’s a seriously devout Christian either–in that way, he fits in with so many other world leaders. The rare head of state that stands up and unequivocally declares Jesus Christ as the only hope of humanity and repentance and faith toward Him as the only way to heaven is a rare leader indeed, and remains one of those elusive miracles we all pray will happen—maybe even here in America!




